Senin, 28 April 2014

CAUSATIVE VERBS, PASSIVE VOICE and RELATIVE PRONOUNS



CAUSATIVE VERBS
Causative verb express an action which is caused to happen. In other words, when I have something done for me I cause it to happen. In other words, I do not actually do anything, but ask someone else to do it for me. This is the sense of causative verbs.
 The use of the causative verbs :
·         Let
( Subject + Let + Person + Verb )
This contruction means “ to allow someone to do something “ = Membolehkan seseorang melakukan sesuatu.
Example :
John let me drive his new car.
Will you parents let you go to the party ?
I don’t know if my boss will let me take the day off.
·         Make
( Subject + Make + Person + Verb )
This contruction means “ to force someone to do something “ = Memaksa seseorang melakukan sesuatu.
Example :
My teacher made me apologize for what I had said.
Did somebody make you wear that ugly hat ?
She made her children do their homework.
·         Have
( Subject + Have + person + verb )
The contruction means “to give someone the responsibility to do something”. = “menyuruh” orang yang lain untuk melakukan sesuatu.
Example :
Dr. Smith had his nurse take the patient’s temperature.
Please have your secretary fax me the information
I had the mechanic check the brakes
·         Get
( Subject + Get + Person +Verb)
This contruction usually means “ to convince to do something “ or “ to trick someone into doing something”. Cara untuk “meyakinkan” seseorang melakukan sesuatu.
Example :
Susie got her son to take the medicine even though is taste terrible.
How can parents get their children to read more?
The government TV commercials are trying to get people to stop smoking

PASSIVE VOICE
Passive Voice (Sentences Passive) is the subject of his sentences are served with a job. In other words, the subject of the sentence is the target of the activity expressed by the verb.
·         Formula :
1.      Simple Present : Simple present is a verb form to state the facts, habits, or events that occur at the present time.
Formula :
Active          : S + to be (is,am,are)
Passive         : S + to be + V3 (Past Participle)
Example :
Active         : Students speak English.
Passive         : English is spoken by students.

2.      Simple Past : Simple past is a simple form of the verb to indicate that an event occurred in the past. (yesterday, last two days, last year) or the period of time (for two months, for a day, for an hour).
Formula :
Active         : S + to be (was,were) + V2
Passive         : S+ to be + V3
Example :
Active          : I sweep the floor every morning and evening
Passive         : They were met by him yesterday.

3.      Present Progressive : Progesive imple Past Tense or Past Continuous Tense Simpple is a verb form used to express that an action is happening at a particular time in the past..
Formula :
Active          : S + to be (is,am,are) + V-ing
Passive         : S + to be + being + V3
Example :
Active          : John is helping Gani.
Passive         : Gani is being helped by John.

4.      Past Progressive : past progressive tense is a verb form that is used to indicate that an action is happening at a particular time in the past. The action has been initiated but not yet completed at the time.
Formula :
Active          : S + to be (was,were)+ V-ing
Passive         : S + to be + NOT + being + V3
Example :
Active          : Siska was helping Rio.
Passive         : Rio was being helped by Siska

5.      Present Perfect : Present perfect is a verb form used to express an action or situation that has started in the past and has been completed at a given point in time in the past or still continues today.
Formula :
Active          : S + to be (has,have) + V3
Passive         : S + to be + been + V3
Example :
Active          :She has watered this plant for a minutes.
Passive         : This plant has been watered by her for a minutes.

6.      Past Perfect : Past perfect tense is a verb form that is used to declare that an action has been completed at some point in the past before another action occurs. Action which has been completed in the past it may occur repeatedly or only once.
Formula :
Active          : S + to be (had) + V3
Passive         : S + to be + been + V3
Example :
Active          : Hakim had eaten an orange.
Passive         : An orange had been eaten by Hakim

RELATIVE PRONOUNS
Relative pronouns are pronouns that refer to the preceding noun (antecedent) which serves as a liaison in the ordinary pronouns kalimat.Relative put at the beginning dependent clause or clauses that describe or provide additional information to an independent clause or main clause.
·         Formula   :
1.      Who : Has a function as a “subject” that is used to describe Noun - people, and has the meaning of  ‘is’. Who referred to as the subject pronoun ( such as the use of : I, he, she , etc )
Example : The man who came yesterday is my uncle
2.      Whom : Has a function as an “object” that is used to describe noun - person, and has the meaning of ‘is’. Whom is referred to as an object pronoun (such as the use of : me, his, her, etc)
Example : The man whom we Sunday has two children
3      Whose : Has a function as “kepemilikan”, which is used to describe a noun – person. Whose is used to indicate possession , Whose also have the same meaning like the use of my, our, their, etc.
Example : The woman whose house I want to buy is my old friend.
4.      Which : Has a function as “subject or object” that is used to describe a noun – noun or animal and has the meaning of ‘is’.
Example : The movie which we saw last night was very good.
5.      That : Has a function as a “subject or object” that is used to describe a noun – person, noun, and animal. Has the meaning of ‘is’.
Example :  The car that I bought 3 years ago has been stolen by my own brother.