Bahasa Inggris Bisnis 2

ü  Possessive Adjective

Possessive adjective adalah determiner (special adjective) yang digunakan untuk menyatakan kepemilikan (possession) terhadap noun. Possessive adjective terdiri dari my, your, his, her, its, our, dan their.

Contoh Possessive Adjective:

my books, your father, our class, their rule, his shorts, her skirt, its tail (buku saya, ayah kamu, kelas kita, peraturan mereka, celana pendek dia, rok dia, ekornya)

http://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-dan-contoh-kalimat-possessive-adjectives

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ü  Possessive pronoun (Kata ganti milik)

Possesive pronoun juga mempunyai dua fungsi atau kegunaan, yaitu sebagai kata sifat (As adjective) dan sebagai kanti ganti saja (As pronoun).

a.       Possessive pronoun sebagai kata sifat (as adjective)

My	Milik saya
Your	Milik kamu
His	Miliknya (laki laki)
Her	Miliknya (perempuan)
Their	Milik mereka
Our	Milik kami/kita
Its	Milik (binatang/benda)

Note: Jika pengguanaan possessive pronoun sebagai kata sifat, maka harus disertai dengan bendanya.

Example:

Sentence	Meaning
This is my car	Ini adalah mobil saya
That is your pen	Itu adalah pulpen anda/kamu
Her father gives me a book	Ayahnya member saya buku
Those are their books	Itu adalah bukunya

Note:

# My menjelaskan car

# Your menjelaskan pen

# Her menjelaskan father

#Their menjelaskan books

b.      Possessive pronoun sebagai kata ganti (as pronoun)

Mine	Milik saya
Yours	Milik kamu
His	Miliknya (laki laki)
Hers	Miliknya (perempuan)
Theirs	Milik mereka
Ours	Milik kami/kita
Its	Milik (binatang/benda)

Note:

Jika Possessive pronoun digunakan sebagai pronoun, maka tidak disertai dengan objek bendanya.

Example:

Sentence	Meaning
This car is mine	Mobil itu punyaku
That pen isyours	Pulpen itu punyamu
The house  is Hers	Rumah itu miliknya
Those books aretheirs	Buku itu miliknya

.       http://ega-english.blogspot.com/2012/12/personal-pronouns-possessive-pronouns.html

ü  Reflexive Pronoun

Reflexive Pronoun adalah kata ganti yang digunakan untuk menyatakan bahwa subject(berupa orang atau hewan) menerima aksi dari verb (reciprocal action) pada suatu kalimat. Pronoun ini terdiri dari: myself,yourself, herself, himself, itself, pada bentuksingular, dan yourselves, ourselves, & themselvespada bentuk plural. Bentuknya yang identik dengan intensive pronoun.

Contoh Kalimat Reflexive Pronoun:

Beberapa contoh kalimat reflexive pronoun untuk setiap bentuk singular maupun pluraladalah sebagai berikut.

Number	Pronoun	Contoh Kalimat Reflexive Pronoun
Singular	myself	I‘m going to buy myself new jeans.
	yourself	It’s essential to treat others like you treat yourself.
	herself	She asked herself why she was easy to be panic.
	himself	Hendri didn’t blame himself for the accident.
	itself	The cat is licking itself.
Plural	yourselves	Why don’t you watch yourselves on tv?
	ourselves	We should give time for ourselves to take a rest.
	themselves	The students ate cookies that they cooked by themselves.

http://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-dan-contoh-kalimat-reflexive-pronouns

ü  Affirmative & Negative Agreement

Affirmative Agreement

Sebenarnya kata so, too, dan also mempunyai arti yang sama yaitu juga, pula, pun. Tapi dalam penggunaannya terdapat perbedaan, so digunakan sebelum tobe(s) dan auxilliaries(kata bantu).

Example:

1. My wife will talk to him and so will I

2. My wife has talked about it, and so have I

3. My wife talked about it, and so did I       

4. My wife is talking about it, and so am I

Sedangkan too dan also digunakan setelah tobe(s) dan auxilliaries.

Example:

1. My wife will talk to him and I will too

2. My wife has talked about it, and I have too

3. My wife talked about it, and I did also

4. My wife is talking about it, and I am also

 When indicating that one person or thing does something and then adding that another does the same, use the word “so” or “too”. To avoid needless repetition of words from the affirmative statement, use the conjunction “and”, followed by a simple statement using so or too. The order of this statement will depend on whether so or too is used.

1.       When a form of the verb be is used in the main clause, the same tense of verb be is used in the simple statement that follows.

Affirmative statement (be) + and + [ S + verb (be) + too]

 Example: I am happy and you are too.

Affirmative statement (be) + and + [ so + verb (be) + S 

 Example: I am happy and so are you.

2.    When a compound verb (auxiliary +verb), for example, will go, should do, has done, have written, must examine, etc., occurs in the main clause, the auxiliary of the main verb is used in the simple statement, and the subject and verb must agree.

Affirmative statement (compound verb) + and + [ S + auxiliary only + too ]

Example: Edward should do his homework and Bella should too.

Affirmative statement (compound verb) + and + [ so + auxiliary only+S ]

Example: Edward should do his homework and so does Bella.

3.      When any verb except be appears without any auxiliaries in the main clause, the auxiliary do, does, or did is used in the simple statement. The subject and verb must agree and the tense must be the same.

Affirmative statement (single verb except be) + and + [ S + do, does ,or did + too ]

Example: Jackson plays guitar every day and Jessica does too.

Affirmative statement (single verb except be) + and + [ so + do, does, or did + S ]

Example:

1.        Mark sung “moments” and so did Kevin.

2.      We want to buy a fountain, and she does too.

3.      My mother likes traveling, and so do their mother.

4.      My brother invites him to the party, and my sister does too.

5.      They wrote a good poem, and so did he.

6.      Fred cooked fried rice for his breakfast, and Tina did too.

Additional Examples:

1. Rose likes to fly, and her brother does too.

2. They will leave at noon, and I will too.

3. He has an early appointment, and so do I.

4. She has already written her composition, and so have her friends.

5. Their plane is arriving at nine o’clock, and so is mine.

6. I should go grocery shopping this afternoon, and so should my neighbor.

7. We like to swim in the pool, and they do too.

8. Our Spanish teacher loves to travel, and so do we.

9. He has lived in Mexico for five years, and you have too.

10. I must write them a letter, and she must too

Negative Agreement

 Hampir sama dengan penjelasan affirmative agreement di atas, neither dan either memiliki arti yang sama yaitu: tidak keduanya, atau kedua-duanya tidak.

 Untuk neither digunakan sebelum auxilliary verb, for example:

1. My roommate won't go, and neither will I

2. My roommate hasn't gone, and neither have I

3. My roommate doesn't go, and neither do I

4. My roommate isn't going, and neither am I

Dan untuk either digunakan setelah auxilliary verb dan kata "not", for example:

1. My roommate won't go, and I won't(will not) either

2. My roommate hasn't gone, and I haven't either

3. My roommate doesn't go, and I don't either

4. My roommate isn't going, and I am not either

Hal lain yang harus diperhatikan yaitu untuk pemakaian tobe dan auxilliaries setelah kata "..and.." harus sesuai dengan tobe dan auxilliaries yang digunakan di awal kalimat, seperti :

My wife is talking about it, and so am I

My wife has talked about it, and I have too

My roommate won't go, and neither will I

My roommate doesn't go, and I don't either

Contoh kalimat lainnya:

1.      The manager isn’t too happy with the project, and neither is his assistant.

2.      We can’t study in the library, and he can’t either.

3.      You didn’t pay the taxes, and they didn’t either.

4.      My brother won’t accept my father’s decision, and my sister won’t either.

5.      He doesn’t know the answer, and neither does she.

“Either” and “neither” function in simple statements much like “so” and “too” in affirmative sentences. However, either and neither are used to indicate negative agreement. The same rules for auxiliaries, be and do, does, or did apply.

 Negative statement + and + [ S + negative auxiliary or be + either]

 Negative statement + and + [ neither + positive auxiliary or be + S ]

 Examples:

 I didn’t see Bella this morning. Edward didn’t see Bella this morning

 I didn’t see Bella this morning and Edward didn’t either.

 I didn’t see Bella this morning and neither did Edward.

 Additional examples:

 1. The children shouldn’t take that medicine, and neither should she.

 2. We don’t plan to attend the concert, and neither do they.

 3. I don’t like tennis, and he doesn’t either.

 4. She didn’t see anyone she knew, and neither did Tim.

 5. The Yankees couldn’t play due to the bad weather, and neither could the Angels.

 6. Mary can’t type well, and her sister can’t either.

http://fnflife.blogspot.com/2010/07/affirmative-negative-aggrement.html

http://hikmawandiny.blogspot.com/2014/01/affirmative-and-negative-agreement.htm

ü  Gerund

Gerund adalah kata kerja Verb yang digunakan tetapi fungsinya berubah sebagai kata benda Noun atau dapat juga dikatakan bahwa gerundadalah kata kerja yang dibendakan Verbal Noun.

Bentuk dari Gerund adalah: VERB 1 + ING

Contohnya: swimming, shopping, talking, playing, sleeping, eating, etc.

Fungsi dan Contoh Gerund

1.    Menggunakan Gerund sebagai subject

Apabila Gerund sebagai Subject, makaGerund dapat berdiri sendiri atau berbentuk sebagai frase.

Contoh:

Playing football is my hobby.

Bentuk dari kata “playing” pada kalimat di atas adalah sebagai Gerund, yang berfungsi sebagai kata benda (Noun).

2.    Menggunakan Gerund sebagai object

Ada dua kemungkinan jika Gerund digunakan sebagai Object, yakni Object of Preposition (ObjectKata Depan) dan Object of Verb (Object Kata Kerja).

o    Menggunakan Gerund Sebagai Object of Preposition (Object Preposisi)

Formula: Preposition + Gerund (Verb + Ing)

Contoh:

We talk about going to Bali for our vacation.

She is not interesting in looking for a new job.

Thank you for helping me carry the bag.

You Should take advantage of living here.

The rain prevented us from completing the work.

We will be happy by listening the music.

Billy is not used to wearing a suit and tie everyday.

Beberapa preposisi (preposition) lazim yang sering diikuti oleh Gerund adalah:about, in, for, of, without, from, by, dan to.

CATATAN: Untuk preposisi “to”, boleh diikuti Gerund jika fungsinya memang sebagai presposisi, bukan bentuk dari infinitif. Contohnya: I’m used to sleeping with the window open. I’m accustomed to sleeping with the window open. I look forward to going home next month.

o    Menggunakan Gerund Sebagai Object of Verb (Object Kata Kerja)

Formula: VERB + Gerund (Verb + Ing)

Kata kerja (VERB) yang lazim diikuti oleh Gerund adalah sebagai berikut:

VERB + GERUND
Enjoy	quit (give up)	go	consider (think about)
Appreciate	finish (get through)	postpone (put off)	discuss (talk about)
Mind	delay	mention	keep (keep on)
Stop	suggest	avoid
Contoh: I go shopping with my friends. I enjoy playing tennis. Brian quit smoking. Brian give up smoking.

http://bahasainggrisonlines.blogspot.com/2012/12/gerund.html

http://www.wordsmile.com/penggunaan-dan-contoh-kalimat-gerund

funny short stories

CERITA LUCU BAHASA INGGRIS DI SEKOLAH

Teacher: “Why are you late, Budi?”
Budi: “Because of a sign down the road.”
Teacher: “What does a sign have to do with you being late?”
Budi: “The sign said, ‘School Ahead, Go Slow!’”

artinya:

Guru :”Mengapa kamu telat, Budi?”
Budi :”Karena perintah rambu lalu lintas, pak?
Guru :”Emang rambu lalu lintas memerintahkan apa?
Budi :”Rambunya bertuliskan,’ sekolah di depan, jalan pelan-pelan.”

---------------------------------------------------------------

http://www.englishindo.com/2013/07/cerita-lucu.html

lirik lagu bruno mars - marry you

It’s a beautiful night,
We’re looking for something dumb to do.
Hey baby,
I think I wanna marry you.

Is it the look in your eyes,
Or is it this dancing juice?
Who cares baby,
I think I wanna marry you.

Well I know this little chapel on the boulevard we can go,
No one will know,
Come on girl.
Who cares if we’re trashed got a pocket full of cash we can blow,
Shots of patron,
And it’s on girl.

Don’t say no, no, no, no-no;
Just say yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah-yeah;
And we’ll go, go, go, go-go.
If you’re ready, like I’m ready.

Cause it’s a beautiful night,
We’re looking for something dumb to do.
Hey baby,
I think I wanna marry you.

Is it the look in your eyes,
Or is it this dancing juice?
Who cares baby,
I think I wanna marry you.

I’ll go get a ring let the choir bells sing like oooh,
So whatcha wanna do?
Let’s just run girl.
If we wake up and you wanna break up that’s cool.
No, I won’t blame you;
It was fun girl.

Don’t say no, no, no, no-no;
Just say yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah-yeah;
lyricsalls.blogspot.com
And we’ll go, go, go, go-go.
If you’re ready, like I’m ready.

Cause it’s a beautiful night,
We’re looking for something dumb to do.
Hey baby,
I think I wanna marry you.

Is it the look in your eyes,
Or is it this dancing juice?
Who cares baby,
I think I wanna marry you.

Just say I do,
Tell me right now baby,
Tell me right now baby. x2

Cause it’s a beautiful night,
We’re looking for something dumb to do.
Hey baby,
I think I wanna marry you.

Is it the look in your eyes,
Or is it this dancing juice?
Who cares baby,
I think I wanna marry you.

http://www.emlirik.co.uk/2013/05/bruno-mars-marry-you.html

CAUSATIVE VERBS, PASSIVE VOICE and RELATIVE PRONOUNS

CAUSATIVE VERBS

Causative verb express an action which is caused to happen. In other words, when I have something done for me I cause it to happen. In other words, I do not actually do anything, but ask someone else to do it for me. This is the sense of causative verbs.

 The use of the causative verbs :

·         Let

( Subject + Let + Person + Verb )

This contruction means “ to allow someone to do something “ = Membolehkan seseorang melakukan sesuatu.

Example :

John let me drive his new car.

Will you parents let you go to the party ?

I don’t know if my boss will let me take the day off.

·         Make

( Subject + Make + Person + Verb )

This contruction means “ to force someone to do something “ = Memaksa seseorang melakukan sesuatu.

Example :

My teacher made me apologize for what I had said.

Did somebody make you wear that ugly hat ?

She made her children do their homework.

·         Have

( Subject + Have + person + verb )

The contruction means “to give someone the responsibility to do something”. = “menyuruh” orang yang lain untuk melakukan sesuatu.

Example :

Dr. Smith had his nurse take the patient’s temperature.

Please have your secretary fax me the information

I had the mechanic check the brakes

·         Get

( Subject + Get + Person +Verb)

This contruction usually means “ to convince to do something “ or “ to trick someone into doing something”. Cara untuk “meyakinkan” seseorang melakukan sesuatu.

Example :

Susie got her son to take the medicine even though is taste terrible.

How can parents get their children to read more?

The government TV commercials are trying to get people to stop smoking

PASSIVE VOICE

Passive Voice (Sentences Passive) is the subject of his sentences are served with a job. In other words, the subject of the sentence is the target of the activity expressed by the verb.

·         Formula :

1.      Simple Present : Simple present is a verb form to state the facts, habits, or events that occur at the present time.

Formula :

Active          : S + to be (is,am,are)

Passive         : S + to be + V3 (Past Participle)

Example :

Active         : Students speak English.

Passive         : English is spoken by students.

2.      Simple Past : Simple past is a simple form of the verb to indicate that an event occurred in the past. (yesterday, last two days, last year) or the period of time (for two months, for a day, for an hour).

Formula :

Active         : S + to be (was,were) + V2

Passive         : S+ to be + V3

Example :

Active          : I sweep the floor every morning and evening

Passive         : They were met by him yesterday.

3.      Present Progressive : Progesive imple Past Tense or Past Continuous Tense Simpple is a verb form used to express that an action is happening at a particular time in the past..

Formula :

Active          : S + to be (is,am,are) + V-ing

Passive         : S + to be + being + V3

Example :

Active          : John is helping Gani.

Passive         : Gani is being helped by John.

4.      Past Progressive : past progressive tense is a verb form that is used to indicate that an action is happening at a particular time in the past. The action has been initiated but not yet completed at the time.

Formula :

Active          : S + to be (was,were)+ V-ing

Passive         : S + to be + NOT + being + V3

Example :

Active          : Siska was helping Rio.

Passive         : Rio was being helped by Siska

5.      Present Perfect : Present perfect is a verb form used to express an action or situation that has started in the past and has been completed at a given point in time in the past or still continues today.

Formula :

Active          : S + to be (has,have) + V3

Passive         : S + to be + been + V3

Example :

Active          :She has watered this plant for a minutes.

Passive         : This plant has been watered by her for a minutes.

6.      Past Perfect : Past perfect tense is a verb form that is used to declare that an action has been completed at some point in the past before another action occurs. Action which has been completed in the past it may occur repeatedly or only once.

Formula :

Active          : S + to be (had) + V3

Passive         : S + to be + been + V3

Example :

Active          : Hakim had eaten an orange.

Passive         : An orange had been eaten by Hakim

RELATIVE PRONOUNS

Relative pronouns are pronouns that refer to the preceding noun (antecedent) which serves as a liaison in the ordinary pronouns kalimat.Relative put at the beginning dependent clause or clauses that describe or provide additional information to an independent clause or main clause.

·         Formula   :

1.      Who : Has a function as a “subject” that is used to describe Noun - people, and has the meaning of  ‘is’. Who referred to as the subject pronoun ( such as the use of : I, he, she , etc )

Example : The man who came yesterday is my uncle

2.      Whom : Has a function as an “object” that is used to describe noun - person, and has the meaning of ‘is’. Whom is referred to as an object pronoun (such as the use of : me, his, her, etc)

Example : The man whom we Sunday has two children

3      Whose : Has a function as “kepemilikan”, which is used to describe a noun – person. Whose is used to indicate possession , Whose also have the same meaning like the use of my, our, their, etc.

Example : The woman whose house I want to buy is my old friend.

4.      Which : Has a function as “subject or object” that is used to describe a noun – noun or animal and has the meaning of ‘is’.

Example : The movie which we saw last night was very good.

5.      That : Has a function as a “subject or object” that is used to describe a noun – person, noun, and animal. Has the meaning of ‘is’.

Example :  The car that I bought 3 years ago has been stolen by my own brother.

http://itaaccounting.blogspot.com/2014/03/causative-verbs.html

http://esl.about.com/od/grammarstructures/a/causative.html

http://bahasainggrisonlines.blogspot.com/2013/01/pengertian-contoh-relative-pronoun.html

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