CAUSATIVE
VERBS
Causative verb express an action which is
caused to happen. In other words, when I have something done for me I cause it to
happen. In other words, I do not actually do anything, but ask someone else to
do it for me. This is the sense of causative verbs.
The use of the causative verbs :
· Let
(
Subject + Let + Person + Verb )
This
contruction means “ to allow someone to do something “ = Membolehkan
seseorang melakukan sesuatu.
Example :
John
let me drive his new car.
Will
you parents let you go to the party ?
I
don’t know if my boss will let me take the day off.
· Make
(
Subject + Make + Person + Verb )
This
contruction means “ to force someone to do something “ = Memaksa seseorang
melakukan sesuatu.
Example :
My
teacher made me apologize for what I had said.
Did
somebody make you wear that ugly hat ?
She
made her children do their homework.
· Have
(
Subject + Have + person + verb )
The
contruction means “to give someone the responsibility to do something”. = “menyuruh” orang
yang lain untuk melakukan sesuatu.
Example :
Dr.
Smith had his nurse take the patient’s temperature.
Please
have your secretary fax me the information
I
had the mechanic check the brakes
· Get
(
Subject + Get + Person +Verb)
This
contruction usually means “ to convince to do something “ or “ to trick someone
into doing something”. Cara untuk “meyakinkan” seseorang melakukan sesuatu.
Example :
Susie
got her son to take the medicine even though is taste terrible.
How
can parents get their children to read more?
The government TV commercials are trying to
get people to stop smoking
PASSIVE
VOICE
Passive Voice (Sentences Passive) is the
subject of his sentences are served with a job. In other words, the subject of
the sentence is the target of the activity expressed by the verb.
· Formula :
1. Simple
Present : Simple present is a verb form to state the facts, habits, or events
that occur at the present time.
Formula :
Active : S + to be (is,am,are)
Passive : S + to be + V3 (Past Participle)
Example :
Active : Students speak English.
Passive : English
is spoken by students.
2. Simple
Past : Simple past is a simple form of the verb to indicate that an event
occurred in the past. (yesterday, last two days, last year) or the period of
time (for two months, for a day, for an hour).
Formula :
Active : S + to be (was,were) + V2
Passive : S+ to
be + V3
Example :
Active : I sweep the floor every morning and evening
Passive : They
were met by him yesterday.
3. Present
Progressive : Progesive imple Past Tense
or Past Continuous
Tense Simpple is
a verb form
used to express that an action is happening at
a particular time in the past..
Formula :
Active : S + to be (is,am,are) + V-ing
Passive : S + to
be + being + V3
Example :
Active : John is helping Gani.
Passive : Gani is
being helped by John.
4. Past
Progressive : past progressive tense is a verb form that is used to indicate
that an action is happening at a particular time in the past. The action has
been initiated but not yet completed at the time.
Formula :
Active : S + to
be (was,were)+ V-ing
Passive : S + to
be + NOT + being + V3
Example :
Active : Siska
was helping Rio.
Passive : Rio was being helped by Siska
5. Present
Perfect : Present perfect is a verb form used to express an action or situation
that has started in the past and has been completed at a given point in time in
the past or still continues today.
Formula :
Active : S + to
be (has,have) + V3
Passive : S + to
be + been + V3
Example :
Active :She has
watered this plant for a minutes.
Passive : This
plant has been watered by her for a minutes.
6. Past
Perfect : Past perfect tense is a verb form that is used to declare that an
action has been completed at some point in the past before another action
occurs. Action which has been completed in the past it may occur repeatedly or
only once.
Formula :
Active : S + to
be (had) + V3
Passive : S + to
be + been + V3
Example :
Active : Hakim
had eaten an orange.
Passive : An
orange had been eaten by Hakim
RELATIVE PRONOUNS
Relative pronouns are pronouns
that refer to the preceding noun (antecedent)
which serves as a liaison in the ordinary pronouns
kalimat.Relative put at the beginning
dependent clause or
clauses that describe or provide additional
information to an independent clause or main clause.
· Formula :
1. Who : Has
a function as a “subject” that is used to describe Noun - people, and has the
meaning of ‘is’. Who referred to as the
subject pronoun ( such as the use of : I,
he, she , etc )
Example : The man who came yesterday is my uncle
2. Whom : Has
a function as an “object” that is used to describe noun - person, and has the
meaning of ‘is’. Whom is referred to as an object pronoun (such as the use of :
me, his, her, etc)
Example : The man whom we Sunday has two children
3 Whose : Has
a function as “kepemilikan”, which is used to describe a noun – person. Whose
is used to indicate possession , Whose also have the same meaning like the use
of my, our, their, etc.
Example : The woman whose house I
want to buy is
my old friend.
4. Which :
Has a function as “subject or object” that is used to describe a noun – noun or
animal and has the meaning of ‘is’.
Example : The movie which we saw last night was very
good.
5. That : Has
a function as a “subject or object” that is used to describe a noun – person,
noun, and animal. Has the meaning of ‘is’.
Example : The
car that I bought 3 years ago has been stolen by my own brother.
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